The Long-Term Benefits of Human Generosity in Indirect Reciprocity
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
The Long-Term Benefits of Human Generosity in Indirect Reciprocity
Among the theories that have been proposed to explain the evolution of altruism are direct reciprocity and indirect reciprocity. The idea of the latter is that helping someone or refusing to do so has an impact on one's reputation within a group. This reputation is constantly assessed and reassessed by others and is taken into account by them in future social interactions. Generosity in indirec...
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از گذشته تا کنون، تحقیقات بسیاری صورت گرفته است که همگی به گونه ای بر مثمر ثمر بودن استفاده از استراتژی های یادگیری لغت در یک زبان بیگانه اذعان داشته اند. این تحقیق به بررسی تاثیر دو روش مختلف آموزش واژگان انگلیسی (کلیدی و بافتی) بر تلفظ و دانش لغوی فراگیران ایرانی زیر متوسط زبان انگلیسی و بر ماندگاری آن در حافظه می پردازد. به این منظور، تعداد شصت نفر از زبان آموزان ایرانی هشت تا چهارده ساله با...
15 صفحه اولHow Cooperation Within “Noisy” Communities Can Evolve: Benefits of Indirect Generosity over Indirect Reciprocity23
any people believe that humans are fundamentally self-interested. Yet, there are numerous everyday examples in which individuals act in the interest of others, often at the expense of their own interest and with no apparent future benefits. Why people engage in such other-regarding behavior has been a longstanding puzzle for philosophers, economists, biologists, and also for social psychologist...
متن کاملThe dynamics of indirect reciprocity.
Richard Alexander has argued that moral systems derive from indirect reciprocity. We analyse a simple case of a model of indirect reciprocity based on image scoring. Discriminators provide help to those individuals who have provided help. Even if the help is never returned by the beneficiary, or by individuals who in turn have been helped by the beneficiary, discriminating altruism can be resis...
متن کاملThe Evolution of Indirect Reciprocity
Human societies are based on cooperation among large numbers of genetically unrelated individuals. This behavior is puzzling from an evolutionary perspective. Because cooperators are unrelated it cannot be the result of kin selection, and the large scale seems to preclude explanations based on direct reciprocity. Alexander (1987) has proposed that large-scale cooperation among humans can be und...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Current Biology
سال: 2002
ISSN: 0960-9822
DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(02)00890-4